Democratic transition period and beyond Main article: Transition to democracy Patricio Aylwin was given command of the hands of Augusto Pinochet, 11 March 1990 in the new Congress located in the city of Valparaiso, beginning the process of transition to democracy. Early in his administration, Patricio Aylwin had to work on a system that kept many vestiges of entrenched military regime. Although the coalition won the majority of the votes in parliamentary elections, due to the binomial system and the existence of appointed senators, could not be expected to reform the constitution and the local administration of communes still in the hands of appointed ombudsmen by the military government, which would be replaced after elections in June 1992. Patricio Aylwin Aylwin ruled cautiously, taking care of relations with the army, where even Pinochet remained as commander in chief.The army, although he had stopped participating in the government, remained a major political actor and voiced opposition to certain government measures concertacionista through tactical moves as the “Year of Link” and “Boinazo” in 1991 and 1992 respectively. In this context, formed the National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation Commission aimed at investigating and clarifying the situations of human rights violations during years of military rule. Directed by Raul Rettig, the Commission faced the rejection of the military authorities. However, the commission report was released through television by President Aylwin, 4 March 1991, after nine months of work. In his speech, Aylwin announced the results of the study, he apologized to the families of the victims on behalf of the Nation, announced measures of moral and material compensation for them and the desire of the State of deterring and preventing further violations of the rights humans.During his tenure, Aylwin proposed creating modifications to the tax rules to increase fiscal spending and improving income distribution, at a time when Chile’s economy continued to thrive due to increased exports of copper and agricultural products. Also during his term was reduced poverty from 38.75 to about 27.5 and enacted the Indian Act (Law No. 19,253 of October 5, 1993) who first recognized indigenous peoples and creating the National Corporation for Indigenous Development (CONADI), which is responsible for promoting policies that encourage development of these peoples.Similarly, the Office for National Planning and Cooperation (ODEPLAN) is transformed into the Ministry of Planning and Cooperation (MIDEPLAN) and creates the Fund for Solidarity and Social Investment (FOSIS) to promote social policies and the promulgation of the Law on General of the Environment (Law No. 19.300 of January 9, 1994), which sought to structure a framework for environmental management, establishing the National Environment Commission (CONAMA), to promote sustainable development and to coordinate actions arising of environmental policies and strategies of government. Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle in 1993, new presidential elections were held and renewed the House of Representatives and half the Senate. Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, son and namesake of President Democrat, won 58.01 of votes, the highest vote in free elections republican history.The second, Arturo Alessandri, the candidate of the Union for Progress (RN and UDI), won only 24.3 of the vote. Frei, who took office on 11 March 1994, restarted the country’s relations with the outside, then the certain isolation that was during the military regime. The economy expanded further and the growth averaged 8 annually during the first three years of government, allowing the initiation of negotiations with Canada, Mexico and the United States for integration into NAFTA and associate membership in Mercosur. Chile also entered the Rio Group and over the past decade failed to solve the border disputes with Argentina (Laguna del Desierto and Southern Ice Fields). In addition, begin the first negotiations for a bilateral free trade and partnership with the European Union and in 1994, Chile became a member of APEC, opening its economy towards the Asia-Pacific basin, especially Japan and China.Poverty, meanwhile, continued its downward trend and in 1998 came to 21.7 of the population. Meanwhile, various public works were built throughout the territory and started the bidding system that allowed the construction of the first-class highways in the country. Modern buildings in Santiago. However, midway through his term, the Asian financial crisis begins to affect a large extent to the strong Chilean economy.
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